Multi-subframe uplink scheduling in unlicensed spectrum

ABSTRACT

Systems, apparatus, user equipment (UE), evolved node B (eNB), computer readable media, and methods are described for scheduling of multiple uplink transmissions in unlicensed spectrum. One embodiment involves receiving, at an eNB, first uplink scheduling request from a UE, scheduling a plurality of uplink subframes on the unlicensed channel in response to the first uplink scheduling request, and initiating transmission of a first subframe to the first UE in response to the scheduling of the plurality of uplink subframes, wherein the first subframe comprises one or more downlink control indicators (DCIs) allocating the plurality of uplink subframes to the first UE.

PRIORITY CLAIM

This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application Ser. No. 62/264,226, filed on Dec. 7, 2015 andentitled “MULTI-SUBFRAME SCHEDULING FOR UL TRANSMISSION IN UNLICENSEDSPECTRUM”, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments pertain to systems, methods, and component devices forwireless communications, and particularly to the integration of longterm evolution (LTE), LTE-advanced, and other similar wirelesscommunication systems with unlicensed frequencies.

BACKGROUND

LTE and LTE-advanced are standards for wireless communication ofhigh-speed data for user equipment (UE) such as mobile telephones. InLTE-advanced and various wireless systems, carrier aggregation is atechnology used by LTE-advanced systems where multiple carrier signalsoperating on different frequencies may be used to carry communicationsfor a single UE, thus increasing the bandwidth available to a singledevice. In some systems, carrier aggregation may be used where one ormore component carriers operate on unlicensed frequencies.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system including an evolved node B (eNB)and user equipment (UE) that may operate, according to some embodimentsdescribed herein.

FIG. 2 illustrates aspects of multi-subframe uplink scheduling inunlicensed spectrum, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 3 describes an example method for multi-subframe uplink schedulingin unlicensed spectrum, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 4 illustrates aspects of multi-subframe uplink scheduling inunlicensed spectrum, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 5 illustrates aspects of example downlink control information (DCI)that may be used for multi-subframe uplink scheduling in unlicensedspectrum, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 6 illustrates aspects of multi-subframe uplink scheduling inunlicensed spectrum, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 7 describes an example method for multi-subframe uplink schedulingin unlicensed spectrum, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a system including eNB arid multiple UEsthat may be used with some embodiments described herein.

FIG. 9 illustrates aspects of a UE, in accordance with some exampleembodiments.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating an example computer systemmachine which may be used in association with various embodimentsdescribed herein.

FIG. 11 illustrates aspects of a system for multi-subframe uplinkscheduling, according to some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments relate to systems, devices, apparatus, assemblies, methods,and computer readable media to enhance wireless communications, andparticularly to communication systems that operate using carriers inunlicensed frequencies. The following description and the drawingsillustrate specific embodiments to enable those skilled in the art topractice them. Other embodiments can incorporate structural, logical,electrical, process, and other changes. Portions and features of someembodiments can be included in, or substituted for, those of otherembodiments, and are intended to cover all available equivalents of theelements described.

FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless network 100, in accordance with someembodiments. The wireless network 100 includes a UE 101 and an eNB 150connected via an air interface 190. LTE 101 and eNB 150 communicateusing a system that supports carrier aggregation, such that airinterface 190 supports multiple frequency carriers, shown as componentcarrier 180 and component carrier 185. Although two component carriers180, 185 are illustrated, various embodiments may include any number ofone or more component carriers 180, 185.

Additionally, in various embodiments described herein, at least one ofthe carriers of air interface 190 comprises a carrier operating in anunlicensed frequency, referred to herein as an unlicensed carrier. Anunlicensed carrier or unlicensed frequency refers to system operation ina range of radio frequencies that are not exclusively set aside for theuse of the system. Some frequency ranges, for example, may be used bycommunication systems operating under different communication standards,such as a frequency band that is used by both Institute of Electronicand Electrical Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards (e.g. “WiFi”) and thirdgeneration partnership (3GPP) standards. By contrast, a licensed channelor licensed spectrum operates under a particular system, with limitedconcern that other unexpected signals operating on different standardconfigurations will be present. Some embodiment systems described hereinmay operate using both unlicensed and licensed carriers, while othersystems may operate using only unlicensed carriers.

As discussed below, when a system operates in an unlicensed spectrum,rules and operations for verifying that the unlicensed channels areavailable provide additional overhead and system operational elementsthat are not present in licensed channels. The sharing of a channel maybe referred to as fair coexistence, where different systems operate touse an unlicensed or shared channel while limiting both interference anddirect integration with the other systems operating on differentstandards.

Long term evolution (LTE) cellular communications, for example,historically operate with a centrally managed system designed to operatein a licensed spectrum for efficient resource usage. Operating with suchcentrally managed use within unlicensed channels, where systems whichare not centrally controlled that use different channel accessmechanisms than legacy LTE may be present, carries significant risk ofdirect interference. Coexistence mechanisms described, herein enableLTE, LTE-advanced, and communications systems building on or similar toLTE systems to coexist with other technologies such as WiFi in sharedunlicensed frequency bands (e.g. unlicensed channels.) Flexible carrieraggregation (CA) frameworks within systems such as LTE-Advanced may thusoperate in various ways to use unlicensed spectrum. This may includeuplink transmission in unlicensed spectrum. In some environment, a 5Gigahertz band is particularly available as unlicensed spectrum governedby Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) rules.

Embodiments described herein for coexistence may operate within thewireless network 100. In wireless network 100, the UE 101 and any otherUE in the system may be, for example, laptop computers, smartphones,tablet computers, printers, machine-type devices such as smart meters orspecialized devices for healthcare monitoring, remote securitysurveillance, an intelligent transportation system, or any otherwireless devices with or without a user interface. The eNB 150 providesthe UE 101 network connectivity to a broader network (not shown inFIG. 1) such as network 960 of FIG. 9. This UE 101 connectivity isprovided via the air interface 190 in an eNB service area provided bythe eNB 150. In some embodiments, such a broader network may be a widearea network operated by a cellular network provider, or may be theInternet. Each eNB service area associated with the eNB 150 is supportedby antennas integrated with the eNB 150. The service areas are dividedinto a number of sectors associated with certain antennas. Such sectorsmay be physically associated with fixed antennas or may be assigned to aphysical area with tunable antennas or antenna settings adjustable in abeamforming process used to direct a signal to a particular sector. Oneembodiment of the eNB 150, for example, includes three sectors eachcovering a 120 degree area with an array of antennas directed to eachsector to provide 360 degree coverage around the eNB 150.

The UE 101 includes control circuitry 105 coupled with transmitcircuitry 110 and receive circuitry 115. The transmit circuitry 110 andreceive circuitry 115 may each be coupled with one or more antennas. Thecontrol circuitry 105 may be adapted to perform operations associatedwith wireless communications using carrier aggregation. The transmitcircuitry 110 and receive circuitry 115 may be adapted to transmit andreceive data, respectively. The control circuitry 105 may be adapted orconfigured to perform various operations such as those describedelsewhere in this disclosure related to a UE 101. The transmit circuitry110 may transmit a plurality of multiplexed uplink physical channels.The plurality of uplink physical channels may be multiplexed accordingto time division multiplexing (TDM) or frequency division multiplexing(FDM) along with carrier aggregation. The transmit circuitry 110 may beconfigured to receive block data from the control circuitry 105 fortransmission across the air interface 190. Similarly, the receivecircuitry 115 may receive a plurality of multiplexed downlink physicalchannels from the air interface 190 and relay the physical channels tothe control circuitry 105. The uplink and downlink physical channels maybe multiplexed according to FDM. The transmit circuitry 110 and thereceive circuitry 115 may transmit and receive both control data andcontent data (e.g. messages, images, video, et cetera) structured withindata blocks that are carried by the physical channels.

FIG. 1 also illustrates the eNB 150, in accordance with variousembodiments. The eNB 150 circuitry may include control circuitry 155coupled with transmit circuitry 160 and receive circuitry 165. Thetransmit circuitry 160 and receive circuitry 165 may each be coupledwith one or more antennas that may be used to enable communications viathe air interface 190.

The control circuitry 155 may be adapted to perform operations formanaging channels and component carriers 180, 185 used with various UEs.The transmit circuitry 160 and receive circuitry 165 may be adapted totransmit and receive data, respectively, to any UE 101 connected to eNB150. The transmit circuitry 160 may transmit downlink physical channelscomprised of a plurality of downlink subframes. The receive circuitry165 may receive a plurality of uplink physical channels from various UEsincluding UE 101. The plurality of uplink physical channels may bemultiplexed according to FDM in addition to the use of carrieraggregation.

As mentioned above, the communications across air interface 190 may usecarrier aggregation, where multiple different component carriers 180,185 can be aggregated to carry information between UE 101 and eNB 150.Such component carriers 180, 185 may have different bandwidths, and maybe used for uplink communications from UE 101 to eNB 150, downlink.communications from eNB 150 to UE 101, or both. Such component carriers180, 185 may cover similar areas, or may cover different but overlappingsectors. The radio resource control (RRC) connection is handled by onlyone of the component carrier cells, which may be referred to as theprimary component carder, with the other component carriers referred toas secondary component carriers. In some embodiments, the primarycomponent carrier may be operating in a licensed band to provideefficient and conflict-free communications. This primary channel may beused for scheduling other channels including unlicensed channels asdescribed below. In other embodiments, the primary channel may operatein an unlicensed band.

In various communication systems, including some implementations of FIG.1, resources in time and frequency domains are dynamically shared amongmultiple UEs, such as UE 101, served by the same eNB, such as eNB 150.The resource sharing method may be based on the orthogonal allocation oftime-frequency resources to different UEs. Orthogonal resourceallocation is beneficial in that it avoids interference betweenintra-cell transmissions. To achieve orthogonal resource allocation, ascheduler in circuitry of eNB 150 assigns appropriate time-frequencyresources to different UEs. In some systems, one operation of such ascheduler is dynamic scheduling, wherein an eNB 150 transmits schedulinginformation every 1 millisecond (ms) and the scheduling information isvalid only for the specific single subframe. Another possible schedulingoperation is semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) where semi-staticscheduling information is signaled in advance to reduce the controloverhead and the scheduling configuration is valid for more than onesubframe (e.g. more than one ms). Dynamic scheduling provides benefitsfor scheduling services with bursty traffic and dynamic size (e.g.transmission control protocol (TCP) traffic) while SPS is more efficientfor scheduling services such as voice over internet protocol withperiodic traffic and semi-static data sizes.

Uplink scheduling information, including which UEs are scheduled forcommunication, and the corresponding modulation and coding scheme aswell as the resource assigned for a transmission, in some LTE systems iscontained in Downlink Control Information (DCI) in formats 0 or 4. Inother words, the uplink transmissions of UE 101 in various LTE systemsmay be controlled by the eNB 150 using DCI format 0/4 communications.Some such LTE systems operate where uplink scheduling informationtransmitted in one subframe (e.g. subframe n) indicates the schedulingof an allocation for an uplink transmission from UE 101 to eNB 150 in asubframe that is a fixed delay later (e.g. subframe In various otherembodiments, other fixed delays or a dynamic adjustable delay may beused.

In some embodiments of LTE or similar systems, unlicensed spectrum maybe used primarily for offloading from licensed carriers. In suchsystems, unlicensed spectrum may be used for transmission of largepackets of data. In such embodiments, a UE such as UE 101 is expected torequest uplink transmissions over multiple subframes of standard LTEoperation. A fixed request and response, particularly in the context ofshared bandwidth requiring coexistence operations, is inefficient,particularly when there is no associated downlink data that may betransmitted on the channel. Separate scheduling requests may thus resultin excessive control overhead and negative impacts on other systemsattempting to share the unlicensed spectrum. In various embodimentsdescribed herein, downlink control overhead is reduced and coexistenceis improved by scheduling multiple subframes using one request (e.g. oneDCI or one subframe including multiple DCIs) to schedule multiple uplinksubframes.

FIG. 2 then describes one potential method for an eNB communicating witha UE to utilize an unlicensed channel. FIG. 2 shows variouscommunications between a UE 201 which may be similar to UE 101 and aneNB 250 which may be similar to eNB 150. In various embodiments,different networks with different structures or additional devices maybe used. In various implementations, different channels may be used fordifferent communications (e.g. 202, 206, 210, and 212), but any uplinktransmissions scheduled are transmitted on an unlicensed carrier.

In the embodiment of FIG. 2, uplink scheduling request 202 iscommunicated from UE 201 to eNB 250. As mentioned above, the uplinkscheduling request 202 will be associated with multiple requested uplinksubframes. ENB 250 receives the uplink scheduling request 202, andprocesses this request in an operation to schedule multiple uplinksubframes 204. This processing in eNB 250 may be performed by variouscontrol circuitry 155 or other circuitry described with respect to FIG.1 or 10. This results in the generation of a downlink subframeallocating multiple uplink subframes 206, which is communicated from eNB250 to UE 201. The UE 201 then processes the downlink subframeallocating multiple uplink subframes 206 using various circuitrysimilarly described in FIG. 1 or 10 in an operation to process uplinkallocation 208. After this allocation is processed by UE 201, the UE 201initiates multiple uplink transmissions, shown as uplink transmission210 and uplink transmission 212. In various embodiments, various numbersof two or more uplink transmissions may be transmitted based onsubframes allocated by a single downlink subframe allocating multipleuplink subframes 206. In various embodiments, coexistence operations(e.g. listen before talk) may be performed at various points in thisprocess. For example, LTE 201 may listen before taking control of theunlicensed channel for uplink scheduling request 202 with all subsequentcommunications occurring while the unlicensed channel is held for UE 201and released following the final uplink transmission 212 (or any suchadditional uplink transmission.) In various embodiments, the DCI(s) formultiple uplink subframe scheduling can schedule different uplinksubframes to different UEs. In other embodiments, uplink schedulingrequest 202 may occur on an unlicensed channel, with a listen beforetalk operation occurring during processing of uplink allocation 208 onthe unlicensed channel and before uplink transmission 210. In otherembodiments, other such coexistence may be used within the structuredescribed with respect to FIG. 2.

The downlink subframe allocating multiple uplink subframes 206 may bestructured in different ways for different embodiments. In someembodiments, this communication includes a modified DCI designed formulti-subframe scheduling, which includes indication information ofwhich subframes are to be jointly scheduled. In some embodiments,additional fields are added to existing DCI formats (e.g. DCI format 0or 4) to carry indication information of which uplink subframes are tobe scheduled. If the scheduling configuration for the multiple subframesto be scheduled by the DCI is different, additional fields are appendedto the DCI in some embodiments to carry the different schedulingconfiguration information.

Some embodiments may also include a newly defined Radio NetworkTemporary Identifier (RNTI) to identify the new DCI. In otherembodiments, existing cell RNTI (C-RNTI) structures are used to scrambleCyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) parity bits and to communicate informationabout a DCI format for scheduling multiple subframes to a UE.

In some embodiments, the downlink subframe allocating multiple uplinksubframes 206 may include a single DCI, while in others, multiple DCIs,each of which may include the scheduling information for single ormultiple subframes, can be multiplexed within the single DL subframe.

Further, the downlink subframe allocating multiple uplink subframes 206uses different resource elements (REs) in different embodiments. Thefollowing REs may be used in various combinations in differentembodiments for the transmission of DCI information containingmulti-subframe scheduling information. In some embodiments, existingcontrol channel regions for a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)is used. This includes the first three orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexed (OFDM) symbols in some embodiments. In other embodiments,control channel regions of the PDCCH can be extended to more than threeOFDM symbols for the DCI or DCIs.

In some embodiments, a Physical Control Format Indicator Channel(PCFICH) may assist with enabling the DCI transmission. In oneembodiment, an existing PCFICH structure may be re-used if there arein-total at most four possible control regions associated with the DCItransmission. Other embodiments may include other numbers of controlregions in different channel formats. In another embodiment, a PCFICH ismodified if a region for carrying PDCCH is extended to more than fourcontrol region options. More bits may be needed in such embodiments toindicate Control Format Indicator (CFI) values. In one exampleembodiment, a codeword length for a PCFICH may use a standard number ofbits (e.g. 32 bits) by modifying a code rate. In other embodiments, thePCFICH codeword length is extended and additional REs are used forPCFICH transmission.

In some embodiments, the DCI or DCIs in the downlink subframe allocatingmultiple uplink subframes 206 use an enhanced PDCCH (EPDCCH).

Additionally, as mentioned above, various embodiments may operate with adelay during the UE 201 operation to process uplink allocations 208 thatoccur between receipt of the downlink subframe allocating multipleuplink subframes 206 and UE 201 initiating the first uplink transmission210 of the multiple allocated uplink subframes associated with uplinktransmission 210, uplink transmission 212, and any other such allocateduplink subframes for transmission to eNB 250 as part of a singleallocation.

In some embodiments, a standard LTE system delay of 4 ins may be used.In other systems, depending on the circuitry of UE 201 or other systemconfigurations, the delay between transmission of the DCI or DCIsallocating multiple subframes from eNB and uplink transmission 210 canbe shortened to values less than 4 ms (e.g. 1 ms or 2 ms). In variousembodiments, this delay between transmission of the DCI or DCIs in thedownlink subframe allocating multiple uplink subframes 206 and uplinktransmission 210 is configurable. The configuration may be performed invarious ways in different embodiments. In some embodiments, L1 or L2signaling may be used. In other embodiments, radio resource control(RRC) signaling may be used to configure this delay. In furtherembodiments, other higher layer signaling may be used. In someembodiments, multiple different types of signaling may be used toconfigure this delay.

FIG. 3 then describes a method 300 for multi-subframe uplink schedulingin unlicensed spectrum in accordance with various embodiments. In someembodiments, the method 300 may be performed by an eNB such as eNB 150or 250. In other embodiments, method 300 may be implemented asinstructions in a computer readable media that configure an eNB such aseNB 250 to perform method 300 when the instructions are executed by oneor more processors of the eNB 250. In other embodiments, other suchimplementations may be used for method 300. For the purposes ofillustration, method 300 is described in the context of FIG. 1. Anyimplementations discussed herein may be used for method 300 in variousembodiments.

Method 300 begins with operation 305 and eNB 150 receiving a firstuplink scheduling request 202 from a first LTE 101. This may, forexample, be a data packed transmitted from UE 101 to eNB 150 using aPhysical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) or using any other such systemresource (e.g., PRACH). In some embodiments, this uplink schedulingrequest is similar to uplink scheduling request 202.

In operation 310, the eNB 150 schedules a plurality of uplink subframeson the unlicensed channel in response to the first uplink schedulingrequest 202 from operation 305. In various implementations, thisprocessing may be performed by baseband circuitry of eNB 150 or anyother control circuitry 155 of eNB 150. This operation may managecompeting resource requests from multiple UEs including UE 101 toallocate a portion of the resources available to eNB 150 to UE 101. Invarious embodiments, the eNB 150 may schedule multiple uplink subframes,with different subframes for different UEs.

After the circuitry of eNB 150 has identified the resources to allocateto UE 101, eNB 150 initiates transmission of a first subframe to thefirst UE 101 as part of operation 315 in response to the scheduling ofthe plurality of uplink subframes in operation 310. The first subframecomprises one or more DCIs allocating the plurality of uplink subframesto the first UE 101 or set of different UEs including UE 101. In otherembodiments, multiple subframes are scheduled for different UEs.

FIG. 4 then illustrates aspects of multi-subframe uplink scheduling inunlicensed spectrum, according to some embodiments. As mentioned above,in different embodiments, the subframe initiated to the UE 101 by an eNB150 may allocate a plurality of uplink subframes using a single DCI ormultiple DCIs. FIG. 4 illustrates the use of a single DCI 410 insubframe 403 to allocate a plurality of subframes out of a timeline ofsubframes 403-409 to a UE 101. In the embodiment of FIG. 4, data ofuplink transmissions 414, 416, and 418 is scheduled in correspondingsubframes 407, 408, and 409 by DCI 410.

FIG. 5 illustrates one example embodiment of a new DCI format 500 thatmay be used for a DCI transmission to allocate multiple subframes suchas DCI 410. DCI format 500 includes a base DCI size 510 that includesdownlink DCI data 504 and CRC 506 which is scrambled by a C-RNTI. DCIformat 500 then further includes an additional fields 503 includinguplink subframe identifiers 502. These additional fields 503 are, insome embodiments, added. to existing DCI format structures of a base DCIsize 510 matching a standard DCI format 0 or format 4 structure. Theadditional fields 503 carry the indication information of which uplinksubframes are to be scheduled for a UE 101. In some embodiments, asubframe index that is scheduled by the DCI 410 can be indicated as anoffset with respect to the subframe containing the DCI 410. For example,in some embodiments, uplink subframe identifiers 502 for transmissionssimilar to the embodiment of FIG. 4 may include an indication that theallocated subframes are the three subframes which begin four subframesafter transmission of the DCI 410. In the example embodiment of FIG. 4,a four subframe delay is present between subframe 403 containing DCI 410and subframe 7 containing the initial uplink transmission 414, anduplink transmissions 414, 416, and 418 take the three subframesfollowing this four subframe delay. As mentioned above, this delay isstructured differently in other embodiments. Other example embodimentsmay include a delay of one subframe, two subframes, three subframes,five subframes, or any other such delay. Additionally, in otherembodiments, the allocated uplink subframes may be identified directlyusing subframe identifiers rather than by the offset described above.

Additionally, DCI format 500 includes CRC 506. In DCI format 500, CRC506 is scrambled by an existing C-RNTI that is re-used to scramble theCRC 506. In such embodiments, the identification of the new DCI format500 from existing other DCI formats can be based on the number of bitscontained in the DCI message if this number is different from the numberof bits in other DCI formats. In some embodiments, the search space ofthe new DCI 410 can be a LTE-specific search space or UE group searchspace (for the UEs that are to be scheduled). In other embodiments,rather than CRC 506 being scrambled by a pre-existing C-RNTI, a new RNTIspecifically associated with multi-subframe scheduling may be used. Insuch embodiments, this new MS-RNTI may be used to identify the new DCIformat which is used to allocate the subframes for uplink transmissions414-418.

In a DCI format such as DCI format 500, where multiple subframes arescheduled using a single DCI 410, multiple subframes with the sameconfiguration can be scheduled via one DCI. In some embodiments,subframes with different configurations use different DCIs. This isbecause in embodiments similar to the embodiment of DCI format 500, thedownlink DCI data 504 field in the DCI format 500 which carriesinformation such as hybrid automatic repeat request process numbers, newdata indication information, redundancy version indication information,power control information, and modulation and coding scheme (MCS)information is the same as existing DCI format 0 or 4 that schedulesonly one subframe. Thus, in such embodiments, the configurations are thesame for subframes scheduled by the same DCI 410. In other embodiments,a DCI format 500 may have additional fields 503 with added numbers ofbits to carry different configurations for different subframes within asingle DCI 410. Such embodiments will not have a base DCI size 510 whichincludes downlink DCI data 504 fields with CRC 506 but will instead havea larger DCI size in addition to any added fields identifying theallocated subframes.

FIG. 6 then describes another embodiment where a plurality of DCIs areused to schedule a plurality of uplink subframes. FIG. 6 shows atimeline of available subframes 603-609 for a system including an eNB150 communicating with a UE 101. In the embodiment of FIG. 6, separateDCIs 610A, 610B, and 610C within subframe 603 are communicated from theeNB to the UE to schedule subframes 607-609 for uplink transmissions614, 616, and 618. Each DCI schedules a single uplink transmission for adifferent subframe, so that DCI 610A schedules uplink transmission 614for subframe 607, DCI 610B schedules uplink transmission 616 forsubframe 608, and DCI 610C schedules uplink transmission 618 forsubframe 609. As shown, DCIs 610A-C are multiplexed within singlesubframe 603. DCIs 610A-C are, in some embodiments, in a standard DCIformat 0 or 4. In other embodiments, custom DCI formats structured to bemultiplexed into a single subframe may be used. In various embodiments,such multiple DCIs may be multiplexed within a subframe using anycombination of time and/or frequency division multiplexing.

Additionally, while FIG. 4 shows a single DCI scheduling all of theuplink subframes, and FIG. 6 illustrates each uplink subframe scheduledby a single DCI, in other embodiments, multiple DCIs may be included ina single downlink subframe from an eNB, and each of these DCIs mayschedule multiple uplink subframes. For example, in one embodiment, fouruplink subframes may be scheduled by two DCIs within a single subframefrom an eNB to a UE. In such an embodiment, each DCI may schedule two ofthe four uplink subframes. In such an embodiment, both of the DCIs mayhave the same format. In other embodiments, a single downlink subframeallocating multiple uplink subframes to a UE from an eNB may includeDCIs with different formats. Such an embodiment may, for example,include a single subframe that includes a first DCI having DCI format500, and a second DCI having a standard DCI format 0 or 4. In otherembodiments, additional numbers of DCIs may be present in a singlesubframe having any combination of DCIs with shared or differentformats. For example, two DCIs may have DCI format 500, and one DCI mayhave a standard DCI format or any other such format, as long as space isavailable within the subframe.

FIG. 7 then illustrates a method 700 that may be performed by a UE.Method 700 is a method for multi-subframe uplink scheduling inunlicensed spectrum, in accordance with various embodiments. In someembodiments, the method 700 may be performed by a UE such as UE 101,201, 802, 804, 806 or any other such device. In other embodiments,method 700 is implemented as instructions in a computer readable mediathat configure a UE to perform method 700 when the instructions areexecuted by one or more processors of the eNB. In other embodiments,other such implementations may be used for method 700. For the purposesof illustration, method 700 is described in the context of FIG. 1. Anyimplementations discussed herein may be used for method 700 in variousembodiments.

Method 700 begins with UE 101 initiating transmission in operation 705of a first uplink scheduling request to eNB 150. The scheduling requestmay be initiated in response to a request for network resources or databy application circuitry or any other control circuitry 105 of UE 101.After transmit circuitry 110 successfully transmits the schedulingrequest to eNB 150, then a response is received by receive circuitry115. In operation 710, circuitry of UE 101 processes a subframe from theeNB 150 comprising one or more DCIs to identify a plurality of uplinksubframes allocated in response to the request for network access fromoperation 705. In some embodiments, signaling may be used to configurecircuitry of UE 101 to identify various DCI formats and subframetransmissions used to schedule multiple uplink subframes in a singledownlink subframe transmission. Such signaling may, for example, beL1/L2 signaling, RRC signaling, or any other such signaling used to setscheduling delays or communicate DCI format information to UE 101. Thisinformation may then be used by UE 101 in operation 710 to process thereceived subframe including the one or more DCIs. In processing thereceived subframe, the UE 101 may identify the DCI information from avariety of resource elements. As mentioned above, in some embodiments,existing control channel regions of a PDCCH (e.g. the first three OFDMsymbols) include the one or more DCI transmissions, in some embodiments.In other embodiments, the UE 101 receives the one or more DCIs from anextended control channel region of the PDCCH that includes more thanthree OFDM symbols. In some such embodiments, an associated PCFICH isadjusted as described above if needed. For example, in one embodiment,if the region. for carrying PDCCH is extended from three options (e.g.one, two or three OFDM symbols) to four options (e.g. one, two, three,or four OFDM symbols) the existing PCFICH can be re-used, with thereserved value for a CFI used to indicate the additional option for thecontrol channel region (e.g. four OFDM symbols). In another embodiment,if the region for carrying PDCCH is extended to more than four options(e.g. one, two, three, four, or five OFDM symbols), the PCFICH ismodified to enable the indication for the different control regions(e.g. more bits are used to indicate CFI values). In some embodiments,the code rate is modified, while in others the codeword length ismodified.

In different embodiments, the delay time allocated for processing theallocation by UE 101 in operation 710 may vary. In some embodiments, thedelay between the DCI received in the allocation subframe from eNB andthe first allocated uplink subframe may be set as a time (e.g. 4 ms, 3ms, 2 ms, 0.5 ms, etcetera) or a frame schedule (e.g. 5 subframes, 3subframes, one subframe, etcetera). In other embodiments, this delay maybe configurable rather than set, and the delay may be set by anyacceptable signaling, such as L1/L2 signaling, RRC signaling, or anyother higher layer signaling.

When the one or more DCIs are successfully processed, the UE 101identifies the subframes allocated, and transmits data to eNB 150 inoperation 715 using the allocated subframes. The scheduled UEs firstperform LBT prior to the scheduled uplink subframes and if the channelis sensed to be idle, the UEs would start transmitting.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a system 800 including eNB and multiple UEsthat may be used with some embodiments described herein. FIG. 8describes eNB 850 coupled to UEs 802, 804, and 806 via air interface890. eNB 850 provides the UEs 802-806 with access to network 860, whichmay be a wide area network or the Internet. Any of these elements may besimilar to corresponding elements described above. In some embodiments,eNB 850 sends an uplink grant for a specific set of subframes on theunlicensed channel to a particular UE. In some embodiments, differentUEs may simultaneously receive uplink grants for a plurality ofdifferent subframes via any method described herein. In order to accessthe unlicensed channel, UEs 802, 804, and 806 perform coexistenceoperations, and use the subframes allocated by eNB 850 to upload data tonetwork 860 using the allocated subframes. In some embodiments, eNB 850comprises a single device. In other embodiments, eNB 850 or any othereNB described herein may be implemented in a cloud radio area network(C-RAN) structure, with one or more baseband processors in a firstcomponent device of the eNB and one or more antennas in one or moreother devices coupled to the first component device. For example, insome such embodiments, a first component device having basebandprocessors is coupled to one or more second component devices eachhaving one or more antennas, and each being connected to the firstcomponent device via a fiber optic connection or some other wired orwireless connection.

EXAMPLES

In various embodiments, methods, apparatus, non-transitory media,computer program products, or other implementations may be presented asexample embodiments in accordance with the descriptions provided above.Certain embodiments may include UE such as phones, tablets, mobilecomputers, or other such devices. Some embodiments may be integratedcircuit components of such devices, such as circuits implementing mediaaccess control (MAC) and/or L1 processing on an integrated circuitry. Insome embodiments, functionality may be on a single chip or multiplechips in an apparatus. Some such embodiments may further includetransmit and receive circuitry on integrated or separate circuits, withantennas that are similarly integrated or separate structures of adevice. Any such components or circuit elements may similarly apply toevolved node B embodiments described herein.

Example 1 is an apparatus of an evolved node B (eNB) comprising: memory;and control circuitry coupled to the memory and configured to: managereception of a first uplink scheduling request from a first userequipment (UE); schedule, by the eNB, a plurality of uplink subframes onthe unlicensed channel in response to the first uplink schedulingrequest; and initiate transmission of a first downlink subframe inresponse to the scheduling of the plurality of uplink subframes, whereinthe first downlink subframe comprises one or more downlink controlindicators (DCIs) allocating the plurality of uplink subframes to thefirst UE

In Example 2, the subject matter of Example 1 optionally includes,wherein the first downlink subframe and the one or more DCIs comprises aplurality of DCIs.

In Example 3, the subject matter of Example 2 optionally includes,wherein a first DCI of the plurality of DCIs includes two or more uplinkgrants, wherein each uplink grant schedules a different uplink subframeof the plurality of uplink subframes.

In Example 4, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 1-3optionally include—3, wherein the first DCI is carried in an extendedPhysical Downlink Control Channel (EPDCCH) with the two or more ULgrants transmitted to the first UE in a data region of the EPDCCH.

In Example 5, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 1-4optionally include—3, wherein each DCI of the plurality of DCIscomprises an identifier associated with a single corresponding uplinksubframe of the plurality of uplink subframes.

In Example 6, the subject matter of Example 5 optionally includes,wherein scheduling information included in plurality of DCIs istransmitted to the first UE using a physical downlink control channel(PDCCH).

In Example 7, the subject matter of Example 6 optionally includes,wherein a control channel region of the PDCCH is extended to more thanthree orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols.

In Example 8, the subject matter of Example 7 optionally includes,wherein a Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH) is modifiedto allow for the control channel region of the PDCCH as extended to morethan three OFDM symbols.

In Example 9, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 1-8optionally include, wherein the one or more DCIs consists of a firstDCI.

In Example 10, the subject matter of Example 9 optionally includes,wherein the first DCI is modified to have a larger size, with anadditional field carrying information for multi-subframe scheduling withuplink grants for the plurality of uplink subframes.

In Example 11, the subject matter of Example 10 optionally includes,wherein the first DCI comprises a DCI format 0/4 modified to have thelarger size, wherein the DCI format 0/4 comprises a cyclic redundancycheck (CRC) scrambled with a cell radio network temporary identifier(C-RNTI).

In Example 12, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 1-11optionally include—3 or 9-11, wherein the CRC of the one or more DCIsare scrambled by a multi-subframe scheduling RNTI (MS-RNTI), whichindicates a DCI type.

In Example 13, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 1-12optionally include—3 or 9-11, wherein the plurality of uplink subframesare associated with an adjustable delay between transmission of a firstuplink subframe among the plurality of uplink subframes and acorresponding uplink grant for the uplink scheduling.

In Example 14, the subject matter of Example 13 optionally includes,wherein the adjustable delay is set using signaling from one or moresignaling communications comprising L1/L2 signaling. RRC signaling, orhigher layer system signaling.

in Example 15, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 1-14optionally include—3 or 9-11, wherein the instructions further cause theeNB to perform a listen before talk operation on the unlicensed channelprior to initiating transmission of the first downlink subframecontaining the one or more DCIs multi-subframe scheduling on theunlicensed channel.

In Example 16, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 1-15optionally include—3 or 9-11, wherein the one or more DCIs and theplurality of uplink subframes use different component carriers forcross-carrier scheduling.

In Example 17, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 1-16optionally include—3 or 9-11 wherein the DCIs are multiplexed in thetime domain within the first subframe.

In Example 18, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 1-17optionally include—3 or 9-11 wherein the control circuitry is furtherconfigured to: receive, at the eNB, a plurality of uplink schedulingrequest from a plurality of UEs, the plurality of UEs comprising thefirst UE; schedule, by the eNB, a second plurality of uplink subframeson the unlicensed channel in response to the plurality of uplinkscheduling request, the second plurality of uplink subframes comprisingthe plurality of uplink subframes; and initiate transmission of aplurality of downlink subframes in response to the scheduling of thesecond plurality of uplink subframes, wherein each downlink subframecomprises one or more DCIs allocating at least a portion of the secondplurality of uplink subframes to a corresponding UE of the plurality ofUEs.

In Example 19, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 1-18optionally include—3 or 9-11, further comprising: an antenna; receivecircuitry coupled to the antenna and configured. to receive the firstscheduling request from the first UE via the antenna and communicate thefirst scheduling request to the control circuitry; and transmitcircuitry configured to transmit the first subframe to the first UE viathe antenna.

in Example 20, the subject matter of Example 19 optionally includes,wherein the receive circuitry receives the first scheduling request viathe antenna on the unlicensed channel.

In Example 21, the subject matter of Example 20 optionally includes,wherein the receive circuitry receives the first scheduling request viathe antenna on a licensed channel that is different than the unlicensedchannel.

Example 22 is a computer readable medium comprising instructions that,when executed by one or more processors, configure an evolved node B(eNB) for communications using an unlicensed channel, the instructionsto configure the eNB to: process one or more uplink scheduling requestsfrom one or more user equipment (UE); schedule a plurality of uplinksubframes on the unlicensed channel in response to the one or moreuplink scheduling request; and initiate transmission of a first downlinksubframe to at least a first UE of the one or more UE on a firstunlicensed channel in response to the scheduling of the plurality ofuplink subframes, wherein the first downlink subframe comprises one ormore downlink control indicators (DCIs) allocating the plurality ofuplink subframes to the one or more UE.

In Example 23, the subject matter of Example 22 optionally includes,wherein the plurality of uplink subframes are associated with a fixeddelay between transmission of a first uplink subframe among theplurality of uplink subframes and a corresponding uplink grant from thefirst downlink subframe.

In Example 24, the subject matter of Example 23 optionally includes,wherein the fixed delay is at least 4 milliseconds.

In Example 25, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 23-24optionally include, wherein the fixed delay is less than 4 milliseconds.

In Example 26, the subject matter of Example 25 optionally includes,further comprising: an antenna; broadband circuitry coupled to theantenna and configured to receive the downlink subframe from the eNB viathe antenna and communicate the downlink subframe to the circuitry andto transmit the first uplink scheduling request to the via the antenna.

Example 27 is an apparatus of an evolved node B (eNB) comprising:memory; means for processing uplink scheduling requests from one or moreuser equipment (UE); means for scheduling a plurality of uplinksubframes on the unlicensed channel in response to the one or moreuplink scheduling request; and means for transmitting the first downlinksubframe to at least the one or more UE on at least a first unlicensedchannel in response to the scheduling of the plurality of uplinksubframes, wherein the first downlink subframe comprises one or moredownlink control indicators (DCIs) allocating the plurality of uplinksubframes to the one or more UE.

In Example 28, the subject matter of Example 27 optionally includes,wherein the first downlink subframe and the one or more DCIs comprises aplurality of DCIs; wherein a first DCI of the plurality of DCIs includestwo or more uplink grants, wherein each uplink grant schedules adifferent uplink subframe of the plurality of uplink subframes; andwherein the first DCI is carried in an extended Physical DownlinkControl Channel (EPDCCH) with the two or more UL grants transmitted tothe first UE in a data region of the EPDCCH.

In Example 29, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 27-28optionally include, wherein each DCI of the plurality of DCIs comprisesan identifier associated with a single corresponding uplink subframe ofthe plurality of uplink subframes.

In Example 30, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 27-29optionally include wherein scheduling information included in pluralityof DCIs is transmitted to the first UE using a physical downlink controlchannel (PDCCH).

In Example 31, the subject matter of Example 30 optionally includesfurther comprising: means for adjusting delay between transmission of afirst uplink subframe among the plurality of uplink subframes and acorresponding uplink grant for the uplink scheduling.

In Example 32, the subject matter of Example 31 optionally includes,wherein the adjustable delay is set using signaling from one or moresignaling communications comprising L1/L2 signaling, RRC signaling, orhigher layer system signaling.

In Example 33, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 27-32optionally include further comprising means for performing a listenbefore talk operation on the unlicensed channel prior to initiatingtransmission of the first downlink subframe containing the one or moreDCIs for multi-subframe scheduling on the unlicensed channel.

Example 34 is an apparatus of a user equipment (UE) comprising;

means for requesting network access; means for initiating initiatetransmission of a first uplink scheduling request to an evolved node B(eNB); means for processing a subframe from the eNB comprising one ormore DCIs to identify a plurality of uplink subframes allocated inresponse to the request for network access; and means for initiatingtransmission of a set of uplink data using the plurality of uplinksubframes.

In Example 35, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 25-34optionally include, further comprising: means for transmitting andreceiving data across an air gap.

Example 36 is a method of signaling uplink (UL) scheduling informationin unlicensed spectrum.

Example 37 is The method of any claim above wherein multiple ULsubframes can be scheduled jointly via DCIs within a single DL subframe.

Example 38 is The method of any claim above wherein multiple ULsubframes for any number of UE can be scheduled jointly via DCIs withina single downlink (DL) subframe.

Example 39 is The method of any claim above wherein a new DCI can bedesigned for the multi-subframe scheduling.

Example 40 is The method of any claim above wherein additional fields tocarry the indication of which UL subframes to be scheduled by the DCIcan be added.

Example 41 is The method of any claim above wherein a new RNTI, calledan MS-RNTI, is used to indicated a new DCI format.

Example 42 is The method of any claim above wherein an existing RNTI isre-used for scrambling the CRC, and the DCI differentiation can be basedon a number of bits contained in the DCI.

In Example 43, the subject matter of Example undefined optionallyincludes/4 to indicate the possible different configurations fordifferent subframes within the set of subframes that are scheduledjointly via the same DCI.

Example 44 is The method of any claim above wherein multiple DCIs, eachof which may either include the scheduling information for a single ormultiple UL subframes, are multiplexed within a single DL subframe 45. Amethod or apparatus of any claim above wherein the one or more DCIs andthe plurality of uplink subframes use different component carriers forcross-carrier scheduling.

Example 45 is a method or apparatus of any claim above wherein the DCIsare multiplexed in the time domain within the first subframe.

Example 46 is a method of any claim above wherein the existing controlchannel region for PDCCH (i.e., the first three OFDM symbols) can beused for the DCI transmission.

Example 47 is The method of any claim above wherein the existing controlchannel region for PDCCH is extended.

in Example 48, the subject matter of Example 47 optionally includeswherein the control channel region is extended to four options, andexisting PCFICH is re-used for the control channel region indication byexploiting the reserved CFI value to indicate the additional controlregion option.

In Example 49, the subject matter of Example undefined optionallyincludes bits) by modifying the code rate if needed, or the codewordlength of PCFICH can be extended and more REs need to be allocated forPCFICH transmission.

Example 50 is The method of any claims above wherein the DCI can becarried in EPDCCH which is transmitted in the data region.

Example 51 is The method of any claims above wherein the delay betweenthe DCI transmission and the scheduled subframes can be modified.

In Example 52, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 4-51optionally include ms to values less than 4 ms.

hi Example 53, the subject matter of Example undefined optionallyincludes/L2 signaling, RRC signaling, or any other higher layersignaling.

Example 54 is an apparatus of a user equipment (UE) comprising:circuitry configured to: identify a request for network access; initiatetransmission of a first uplink scheduling request to an evolved node B(eNB); process a subframe from the eNB comprising one or more DCIs toidentify a plurality of uplink subframes allocated in response to therequest for network access; and initiate transmission of a set of uplinkdata using the plurality of uplink subframes.

Further, in addition to the specific combinations of examples describedabove, any of the examples detailing further implementations of anelement of an apparatus or medium may be applied to any othercorresponding apparatus or medium, or may be implemented in conjunctionwith another apparatus or medium. Thus, each example above may becombined with each other example in various ways both as implementationsin a system and as combinations of elements to generate an embodimentfrom the combination of each example or group of examples. For example,any embodiment above describing a transmitting device will have anembodiment that receives the transmission, even if such an embodiment isnot specifically detailed. Similarly, methods, apparatus examples, andcomputer readable medium examples may each have a corresponding exampleof the other type even if such examples for every embodiment are notspecifically detailed.

EXAMPLE SYSTEMS AND DEVICES

FIG. 9 shows an example UE, illustrated as a UE 900. The UE 900 may bean implementation of the UE 101, the eNB 150, or any device describedherein. The UE 900 can include one or more antennas 908 configured tocommunicate with a transmission station, such as a base station (BS), aneNB 150, or another type of wireless wide area network (WWAN) accesspoint. The UE 900 can be configured to communicate using at least onewireless communication standard including 3GPP LTE, WiMAX, High SpeedPacket Access (HSPA), Bluetooth, and WiFi. The UE 900 can communicateusing separate antennas 908 for each wireless communication standard orshared antennas 908 for multiple wireless communication standards. TheUE 900 can communicate in a wireless local area network (WLAN), awireless personal area network (WAN), and/or a wireless wide areanetwork (WWAN).

FIG. 9 also shows a microphone 920 and one or more speakers 912 that canbe used for audio input and output to and from the UE 900. A displayscreen 904 can be a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen, or another typeof display screen such as an organic light emitting diode (OLED)display. The display screen 904 can be configured as a touch screen. Thetouch screen can use capacitive, resistive, or another type of touchscreen technology. An application processor 914 and a graphics processor918 can be coupled to an internal memory 916 to provide processing anddisplay capabilities. A non-volatile memory port 910 can also be used toprovide data I/O options to a user. The non-volatile memory port 910 canalso be used to expand the memory capabilities of the UE 900. A keyboard906 can be integrated with the UE 900 or wirelessly connected to the UE900 to provide additional user input. A virtual keyboard can also beprovided using the touch screen. A camera 922 located on the front(display screen 904) side or the rear side of the UE 900 can also beintegrated into the housing 902 of the UE 900.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating an example computer systemmachine 1000 upon which any one or more of the methodologies hereindiscussed can be run, and which may be used to implement the eNB 150,the UE 101, or any other device described herein. In various alternativeembodiments, the machine operates as a standalone device or can beconnected (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networkeddeployment, the machine 1000 can operate in the capacity of either aserver or a client machine in server-client network environments, or itcan act as a peer machine in peer-to-peer (or distributed) networkenvironments. The machine 1000 can be a personal computer (PC) that mayor may not be portable (e.g., a notebook or a netbook), a tablet, aset-top box (STB), a gaming console, a personal digital assistant (PDA),a mobile telephone or smartphone, a web appliance, a network router,switch, or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions(sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by thatmachine. Further, while only a single machine 1000 is illustrated, theterm “machine” shall also be taken to include any collection of machinesthat individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) ofinstructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussedherein.

The example computer system machine 1000 includes a processor 1002(e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit(GPU), or both), a main memory 1004, and a static memory 1006, whichcommunicate with each other via an interconnect 1008 (e.g., a link, abus, etc.). The computer system machine 1000 can further include a videodisplay unit 1010, an alphanumeric input device 1012 (e.g., a keyboard906), and a user interface (UI) navigation device 1014 (e.g., a mouse).In one embodiment, the video display device 1010, input device 1012, andUI navigation device 1014 are a touch screen display. The computersystem machine 1000 can additionally include a mass storage device 1016(e.g., a drive unit), a signal generation device 1018 (e.g., a speaker),an output controller 1032, a power management controller 34, a networkinterface device 1020 (which can include or operably communicate withone or more antennas 1030, transceivers, or other wirelesscommunications hardware), and one or more sensors 1028, such as a GPSsensor, compass, location sensor, accelerometer, or other sensor.

The storage device 1016 includes a machine-readable medium 1022 on whichis stored one or more sets of data structures and instructions 1024(e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of themethodologies or functions described herein. The instructions 1024 canalso reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory1004, static memory 1006, and/or processor 1002 during execution thereofby the computer system machine 1000, with the main memory 1004, thestatic memory 1006, and the processor 1002 also constitutingmachine-readable media 1022.

While the machine-readable medium 1022 is illustrated, in an exampleembodiment, to be a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium”can include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized ordistributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) that storethe one or more instructions 1024. The term “machine-readable medium”shall also be taken to include any tangible medium that is capable ofstoring, encoding, or carrying instructions 1024 for execution by themachine 1000 and that cause the machine 1000 to perform any one or moreof the methodologies of the present disclosure, or that is capable ofstoring, encoding, or carrying data structures utilized by or associatedwith such instructions 1024.

The instructions 1024 can further be transmitted or received over acommunications network 1026 using a transmission medium via the networkinterface device 1020 utilizing any one of a number of well-knowntransfer protocols (e.g., hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)). The term“transmission medium” shall be taken to include any medium that iscapable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions 1024 forexecution by the machine 1000, and includes digital or analogcommunications signals or other intangible media to facilitatecommunication of such software.

Various techniques, or certain aspects or portions thereof, may take theform of program code (i.e., instructions 1024) embodied in tangiblemedia, such as floppy diskettes, CD-ROMs, hard drives, non-transitorycomputer readable storage media, or any other machine-readable storagemedium 1022 wherein, when the program code is loaded into and executedby a machine 1000, such as a computer, the machine 1000 becomes anapparatus for practicing the various techniques. in the case of programcode execution on programmable computers, the computing device mayinclude a processor 1002, a storage medium readable by the processor1002 (including volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storageelements), at least one input device 1012, and at least one outputdevice. The volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storage elements maybe a random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read-only memory(EPROM), flash drive, optical drive, magnetic hard drive, or othermedium for storing electronic data. The base station and mobile stationmay also include a transceiver module, a counter module, a processingmodule, and/or a clock module or timer module. One or more programs thatmay implement or utilize the various techniques described herein may usean application program interface (API), reusable controls and the like.Such programs may be implemented in a high level procedural orobject-oriented programming language to communicate with a computersystem. However, the program(s) may be implemented in assembly ormachine language, if desired. In any case, the language may be acompiled or interpreted language, and combined with hardwareimplementations.

Various embodiments may use 3GPP LTE/LTE-A, Institute of Electrical andElectronic Engineers (IEEE) 1002.11, and Bluetooth communicationstandards. Various alternative embodiments may use a variety of otherWWAN, WLAN, and WPAN protocols and standards in connection with thetechniques described herein. These standards include, but are notlimited to, other standards from 3GPP (e.g., HSPA+, UMTS), IEEE 1002.16(e.g., 1002.16p), or Bluetooth (e.g., Bluetooth 9.0, or like standardsdefined by the

Bluetooth Special Interest Group) standards families. Other applicablenetwork configurations can be included within the scope of the presentlydescribed communication networks 1026. It will be understood thatcommunications on such communication networks 1026 can be facilitatedusing any number of networks, using any combination of wired or wirelesstransmission mediums.

FIG. 11 illustrates, for one embodiment, example components of a UEdevice 1100, in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments,the UE device 1100 may include application circuitry 1102, basebandcircuitry 1104, RF circuitry 1106, front end module (FEM) circuitry1108, and one or more antennas 1110, coupled together at least as shown.In some embodiments, the UE device 1100 may include additional elementssuch as, for example, memory/storage, display, camera, sensor, and/orI/O interface.

The application circuitry 1102 may include one or more applicationprocessors. For example, the application circuitry 1102 may includecircuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core ormulti-core processors. The processor(s) may include any combination ofgeneral-purpose processors and dedicated processors (e.g., graphicsprocessors, application processors, etc.). The processors may be coupledwith and/or may include memory/storage and may be configured to executeinstructions stored in the memory/storage to enable various applicationsand/or operating systems to run on the system.

The baseband circuitry 1104 may include circuitry such as, but notlimited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. Thebaseband circuitry 1104 may include one or more baseband processorsand/or control logic to process baseband signals received from a receivesignal path of the RF circuitry 1106 and to generate baseband signalsfor a transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 1106. Baseband circuity1104 may interface with the application circuitry 1102 for generationand processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations ofthe RF circuitry 1106. For example, in some embodiments, the basebandcircuitry 1104 may include a second generation (2G) baseband processor1104 a, third generation (3G) baseband processor 1104 b, fourthgeneration (4G) baseband processor 1104 c, and/or other basebandprocessor(s) 1104 d for other existing generations, generations indevelopment or to be developed in the future (e.g., fifth generation(5G), 6G, etc.). The baseband circuitry 1104 (e.g., one or more ofbaseband processors 1104 a-d) may handle various radio control functionsthat enable communication with one or more radio networks via the RFcircuitry 1106. The radio control functions may include, but arc notlimited to, signal modulation/demodulation, encoding/decoding, radiofrequency shifting, and the like. In some embodiments,modulation/demodulation circuitry of the baseband circuitry 1104 mayinclude fast-fourier transform (FFT), precoding, and/or constellationmapping/demapping functionality. In some embodiments, encoding/decodingcircuitry of the baseband circuitry 1104 may include convolution,tail-biting convolution, turbo, Viterbi, and/or low density parity check(LDPC) encoder/decoder functionality. Embodiments ofmodulation/demodulation and encoder/decoder functionality are notlimited to these examples and may include other suitable functionalityin other embodiments.

In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 1104 may include elements ofa protocol stack such as, for example, elements of an EUTRAN protocolincluding, for example, physical (PHY), media access control (MAC),radio link control (RTC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP),and/or RRC elements. A central processing unit (CPU) 1104 e of thebaseband circuitry 1104 may be configured to run elements of theprotocol stack for signaling of the PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP and/or RRClayers. In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 1104 may include oneor more audio digital signal processor(s) (DSP) 1104 f. The audio DSP(s)1104 f may be include elements for compression/decompression and echocancellation and may include other suitable processing elements in otherembodiments. Components of the baseband circuitry 1104 may be suitablycombined in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on a samecircuit board in some embodiments. In some embodiments, some or all ofthe constituent components of the baseband circuitry 1104 and theapplication circuitry 1102 may be implemented together such as, forexample, on a system on chip (SOC) device.

In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 1104 may provide forcommunication compatible with one or more radio technologies. Forexample, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 1104 may supportcommunication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network(EUTRAN) and/or other WMAN, WLAN, or WPAN. Embodiments in which thebaseband circuitry 1104 is configured to support radio communications ofmore than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multi-modebaseband circuitry.

RF circuitry 1106 may enable communication with wireless networks usingmodulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. Invarious embodiments, the RF circuitry 1106 may include switches,filters, amplifiers, and the like to facilitate the communication withthe wireless network. RF circuitry 1106 may include a receive signalpath which may include circuitry to down-convert RF signals receivedfrom the FEM circuitry 1108 and provide baseband signals to the basebandcircuitry 1104. RF circuitry 1106 may also include a transmit signalpath which may include circuitry to up-convert baseband signals providedby the baseband circuitry 1104 and provide RF output signals to the FEM.circuitry 1108 for transmission.

In some embodiments, the RE circuitry 1106 may include a receive signalpath and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the RFcircuitry 1106 may include mixer circuitry 1106 a, amplifier circuitry1106 b, and filter circuitry 1 106 c. The transmit signal path of the REcircuitry 1106 may include filter circuitry 1106 c and mixer circuitry1106 a. RF circuitry 1106 may also include synthesizer circuitry 1106 dfor synthesizing a frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 1106 a ofthe receive signal path and the transmit signal path. In someembodiments, the mixer circuitry 1106 a of the receive signal path maybe configured to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry1108 based on the synthesized frequency provided by synthesizercircuitry 1106 d. The amplifier circuitry 1106 b may be configured toamplify the down-converted signals, and the filter circuitry 1106 c maybe a low-pass filter (LPF) or band-filter (BPF) configured to removeunwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate outputbaseband signals. Output baseband signals may be provided to thebaseband circuitry 1104 for further processing. In some embodiments, theoutput baseband signals may be zero-frequency baseband signals, althoughthis is not a requirement. In some embodiments, mixer circuitry 1106 aof the receive signal path may comprise passive mixers, although thescope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 1106 a of the transmit signalpath may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals based on thesynthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 1106 d. togenerate RF output signals for the FEM circuitry 1108. The basebandsignals may be provided by the baseband circuitry 1104 and may befiltered by filter circuitry 1106 c. The filter circuitry 1106 c mayinclude a LPF, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited inthis respect.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 1106 a of the receive signalpath and the mixer circuitry 1106 a of the transmit signal path mayinclude two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature downconversion and/or up conversion, respectively. In some embodiments, themixer circuitry 1106 a of the receive signal path and the mixercircuitry 1106 a of the transmit signal path may include two or moremixers and may be arranged for image rejection (e.g., Hartley imagerejection). In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 1106 a of thereceive signal path and the mixer circuitry 11106 a may be arranged fordirect down conversion and/or direct up conversion, respectively. Insome embodiments, the mixer circuitry 1106 a of the receive signal pathand the mixer circuitry 1106 a of the transmit signal path may beconfigured for super-heterodyne operation.

In some embodiments, the output baseband signals and the input basebandsignals may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of theembodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternateembodiments, the output baseband signals and the input baseband signalsmay be digital baseband signals. In these alternate embodiments, the RFcircuitry 1106 may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) anddigital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry, and the baseband circuitry1104 may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with the RFcircuitry 1106.

In some dual-mode embodiments, separate circuitry including one or moreintegrated circuits may be provided for processing signals for eachspectrum, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in thisrespect.

In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 1106 d may be afractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer, although thescope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other typesof frequency synthesizers may be suitable. For example, synthesizercircuitry 1106 d may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequencymultiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with afrequency divider.

The synthesizer circuitry 1106 d. may be configured to synthesize anoutput frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 1106 a of the RFcircuitry 1106 based on a frequency input and a divider control input.In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 1106 d may be afractional N/N+1 synthesizer.

In some embodiments, frequency input may be provided by a voltagecontrolled oscillator (VCO), although that is not a requirement. Dividercontrol input may be provided by either the baseband circuitry 1104 orthe applications processor 1102 depending on the desired outputfrequency. In some embodiments, a divider control input (e.g., N) may bedetermined from a look-up table based on a channel indicated by theapplications processor 1102,

Synthesizer circuitry 1106 d of the RE circuitry 1106 may include adivider, a delay-locked loop (DLL), a multiplexer and a phaseaccumulator. In some embodiments, the divider may be a dual modulusdivider (DMD) and the phase accumulator may be a digital phaseaccumulator (DPA). In some embodiments, the DMD may be configured todivide the input signal by either N or N+1 (e.g., based on a carry out)to provide a fractional division ratio. In some example embodiments, theDLL may include a set of cascaded, tunable, delay elements, a phasedetector, a charge pump, and a D-type flip-flop. In these embodiments,the delay elements may be configured to break a VCO period up into Ndequal packets of phase, where Nd is the number of delay elements in thedelay fine. In this way, the DLL provides negative feedback to helpensure that the total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle.

In some embodiments, synthesizer circuitry 1106 d may be configured togenerate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in otherembodiments, the output frequency may be a multiple of the carrierfrequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrierfrequency) and used in conjunction with quadrature generator and dividercircuitry to generate multiple signals at the carrier frequency withmultiple different phases with respect to each other. In someembodiments, the output frequency may be a LO frequency (fLO). In someembodiments, the RF circuitry 1106 may include a polar converter.

FEM circuitry 1108 may include a receive signal path, which may includecircuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or moreantennas 1110, amplify the received signals, and provide the amplifiedversions of the received signals to the RF circuitry 1106 for furtherprocessing. FEM circuitry 1108 may also include a transmit signal path,which may include circuitry configured to amplify signals fortransmission provided by the RF circuitry 1106 for transmission by oneor more of the one or more antennas 1110.

In some embodiments, the FEM circuitry 1108 may include a TX/RX switchto switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEMcircuitry 1108 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signalpath. The receive signal path of the FEM circuitry 1108 may include alow-noise amplifier (LNA) to amplify received RF signals and provide theamplified received RF signals as an output (e.g., to the RF circuitry1106). The transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 1108 may include apower amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals (e.g., provided by RFcircuitry 1106), and one or more filters to generate RF signals forsubsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the one or moreantennas 1110).

In some embodiments, the UE 1100 comprises a plurality of power savingmechanisms. If the UE 1100 is in an RRC_Connected state, where it isstill connected to the eNB because it expects to receive trafficshortly, then it may enter a state known as discontinuous reception mode(DRX) after a period of inactivity. During this state, the device maypower down for brief intervals of time and thus save power.

If there is no data traffic activity for an extended period of time,then the UE 1100 may transition off to an RRC Idle state, where itdisconnects from the network and does not perform operations such aschannel quality feedback, handover, and the like. The UE 1100 goes intoa very low power state and it performs paging where it periodicallywakes up to listen to the network and then powers down again. The devicecannot receive data in this state; in order to receive data, the devicetransitions back to an RRC_Connected state.

An additional power saving mode may allow a device to be unavailable tothe network for periods longer than a paging interval (ranging fromseconds to a few hours). During this time, the device is totallyunreachable to the network and may power down completely. Any data sentduring this time incurs a large delay and it is assumed the delay isacceptable.

The embodiments described above can be implemented in one or acombination of hardware, firmware, and software. Various methods ortechniques, or certain aspects or portions thereof, can take the form ofprogram code (i.e., instructions) embodied in tangible media, such asflash memory, hard drives, portable storage devices, read-only memory(ROM), RAM, semiconductor memory devices (e.g., EPROM, ElectricallyErasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)), magnetic disk storagemedia, optical storage media, and any other machine-readable storagemedium or storage device wherein, when the program code is loaded intoand executed by a machine, such as a computer or networking device, themachine becomes an apparatus for practicing the various techniques.

It should be understood that the functional units or capabilitiesdescribed in this specification may have been referred to or labeled ascomponents or modules in order to more particularly emphasize theirimplementation independence. For example, a component or module can beimplemented as a hardware circuit comprising custom very-large-scaleintegration (VLSI) circuits or gate arrays, off-the-shelf semiconductorssuch as logic chips, transistors, or other discrete components. Acomponent or module can also be implemented in programmable hardwaredevices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable arraylogic, programmable logic devices, or the like. Components or modulescan also be implemented in software for execution by various types ofprocessors. An identified component or module of executable code can,for instance, comprise one or more physical or logical blocks ofcomputer instructions, which can, for instance, be organized as anobject, procedure, or function. Nevertheless, the executables of anidentified component or module need not be physically located together,but can comprise disparate instructions stored in different locationswhich, when joined logically together, comprise the component or moduleand achieve the stated purpose for the component or module.

Indeed, a component or module of executable code can be a singleinstruction, or many instructions, and can even be distributed overseveral different code segments, among different programs, and acrossseveral memory devices. Similarly, operational data can be identifiedand illustrated herein within components or modules, and can be embodiedin any suitable form and organized within any suitable type of datastructure. The operational data can be collected as a single data set,or can be distributed over different locations including over differentstorage devices, and can exist, at least partially, merely as electronicsignals on a system or network. The components or modules can be passiveor active, including agents operable to perform desired functions.

1-25. (canceled)
 26. An apparatus, comprising: a processor configured tocause a base station (BS) to: transmit a first downlink controlinformation (DCI) message to a first UE scheduling a first plurality ofuplink transmissions to the first UE, the first DCI message including:scheduling information for respective uplink transmissions of the firstplurality of uplink transmissions, wherein the uplink transmissions ofthe first plurality of uplink transmissions are scheduled to becontiguous in time; bits to carry respective configurations includingrespective new data indicators and respective redundancy versions forthe respective uplink transmissions of the first plurality of uplinktransmissions; and an indication of the offset from the first DCI to afirst uplink transmissions of the first plurality of uplinktransmissions.
 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the firstplurality of uplink transmissions is preceded by a listen-before-talkprocedure.
 28. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the first DCI istransmitted to the first UE using a physical downlink control channel(PDCCH), wherein a control channel region of the PDCCH is not limited toa first three orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols.29. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the first plurality of uplinktransmissions is associated with an adjustable delay betweentransmission of a first uplink transmission among the first plurality ofuplink transmissions and the first DCI.
 30. The apparatus of claim 29,wherein the adjustable delay is set using signaling from one or moresignaling communications comprising L1/L2 signaling, radio resourcecontrol (RRC) signaling, or higher layer system signaling.
 31. Theapparatus of claim 26, wherein the processor is further configured tocause the BS to: receive, at the BS, a plurality of uplink schedulingrequests from a plurality of UEs, the plurality of UEs comprising thefirst UE; schedule, by the BS, a second plurality of uplinktransmissions in response to the plurality of uplink schedulingrequests, the second plurality of uplink transmissions comprising thefirst plurality of uplink transmissions; and initiate transmission of aplurality of downlink subframes in response to the scheduling of thesecond plurality of uplink transmissions, wherein each downlink subframecomprises one or more DCIs allocating at least a portion of the secondplurality of uplink transmissions to a corresponding UE of the pluralityof UEs, and wherein each downlink subframe is associated with adifferent corresponding UE of the plurality of UEs.
 32. The apparatus ofclaim 26, wherein the first plurality of uplink transmissions isscheduled on unlicensed spectrum.
 33. A base station (BS), comprising: aradio; and a processor operably coupled to the radio and configured tocause the BS to: transmit a first downlink control information (DCI)message to a first UE scheduling a first plurality of uplinktransmissions to the first UE, the first DCI message including:scheduling information for respective uplink transmissions of the firstplurality of uplink transmissions, wherein the uplink transmissions ofthe first plurality of uplink transmissions are scheduled to becontiguous in time; bits to carry respective configurations includingrespective new data indicators and respective redundancy versions forthe respective uplink transmissions of the first plurality of uplinktransmissions; and an indication of the offset from the first DCI to afirst uplink transmissions of the first plurality of uplinktransmissions.
 34. The BS of claim 34, wherein the first plurality ofuplink transmissions is preceded by a listen-before-talk procedure. 35.The BS of claim 34, wherein the first DCI is transmitted to the first UEusing a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), wherein a controlchannel region of the PDCCH is not limited to a first three orthogonalfrequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols.
 36. The BS of claim 34,wherein the first plurality of uplink transmissions is associated withan adjustable delay between transmission of a first uplink transmissionamong the first plurality of uplink transmissions and the first DCI. 37.The BS of claim 36, wherein the adjustable delay is set using signalingfrom one or more signaling communications comprising L1/L2 signaling,radio resource control (RRC) signaling, or higher layer systemsignaling.
 38. The BS of claim 34, wherein the processor is furtherconfigured to cause the BS to: receive, at the BS, a plurality of uplinkscheduling requests from a plurality of UEs, the plurality of UEscomprising the first UE; schedule, by the BS, a second plurality ofuplink transmissions in response to the plurality of uplink schedulingrequests, the second plurality of uplink transmissions comprising thefirst plurality of uplink transmissions; and initiate transmission of aplurality of downlink subframes in response to the scheduling of thesecond plurality of uplink transmissions, wherein each downlink subframecomprises one or more DCIs allocating at least a portion of the secondplurality of uplink transmissions to a corresponding UE of the pluralityof UEs, and wherein each downlink subframe is associated with adifferent corresponding UE of the plurality of UEs.
 39. The BS of claim34, wherein the first plurality of uplink transmissions is scheduled onunlicensed spectrum.
 40. A method, comprising: at a base station (BS):transmitting a first downlink control information (DCI) message to afirst UE scheduling a first plurality of uplink transmissions to thefirst UE, the first DCI message including: scheduling information forrespective uplink transmissions of the first plurality of uplinktransmissions, wherein the uplink transmissions of the first pluralityof uplink transmissions are scheduled to be contiguous in time; bits tocarry respective configurations including respective new data indicatorsand respective redundancy versions for the respective uplinktransmissions of the first plurality of uplink transmissions; and anindication of the offset from the first DCI to a first uplinktransmissions of the first plurality of uplink transmissions.
 41. Themethod of claim 40, wherein the first plurality of uplink transmissionsis preceded by a listen-before-talk procedure.
 42. The method of claim40, wherein the first DCI is transmitted to the first UE using aphysical downlink control channel (PDCCH), wherein a control channelregion of the PDCCH is not limited to a first three orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing (OFDM) symbols.
 43. The method of claim 40,wherein the first plurality of uplink transmissions is associated withan adjustable delay between transmission of a first uplink transmissionamong the first plurality of uplink transmissions and the first DCI. 44.The method of claim 43, wherein the adjustable delay is set usingsignaling from one or more signaling communications comprising L1/L2signaling, radio resource control (RRC) signaling, or higher layersystem signaling.
 45. The method of claim 40, wherein the firstplurality of uplink transmissions is scheduled on unlicensed spectrum.